The Shadow Lines, Themes and Symbolism, BA English Honours, MA ENGLISH

 The Shadow Lines, Themes and Symbolism, BA English Honours, MA ENGLISH

The Shadow Lines (1988) is a Sahitya Akademi Award-winning novel by Indian writer Amitav Ghosh. The book stirs up a number of themes. Time and distance in The Shadow Lines are illusory. The novel moves back and forth and the events are not narrated sequentially. The narrator is a man with great and penetrating insight. He can not only peep into the past and future but also into the lives of characters. It is a book that captures perspective of time and events, of lines that bring people together and hold them apart; lines that are clearly visible from one perspective and nonexistent from another; lines that exist in the memory of one, and therefore in another's imagination. Here the author shows that the borders those are drawn on the surface of the earth are so called borders which can not divide one's mind and imagination and the sense of nativity and origin. A narrative built out of an intricate, constantly crisscrossing web of memories of many people, it never pretends to tell a story. Instead, it invites the reader to invent one, out of the memories of those involved, memories that hold mirrors of differing shades to the same experience.

 Youth vs. Maturity

 The novel is set against the backdrop of historical events like the Swadeshi movement, Second World War, Partition of India and Communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka and Calcutta.

The Shadow Lines follows the unnamed narrator, the youngest member of the Indian Datta-Chaudhuri family, as he pieces together his family history. This history spans several decades and follows many different family members—including his grandmother's youth in Dhaka in the 1910s and 1920s, his uncle Tridib's experiences of World War II in England as a child, the Partition of India in 1947, and finally, the riots in Calcutta and Dhaka in 1964, which unfold when the narrator is eleven. As the narrator recounts these events in a nonlinear fashion, he seeks to make sense of his family and his history by reevaluating initially youthful and simplistic understandings of people and events. The novel suggests that in doing so, the narrator is finally able to reach maturity and a greater sense of his place in his family and in the world.

 

The novel pays close attention to the different ways that characters approach things based on their age, particularly in regards to the narrator. To this end, the narrator often tells stories multiple times, sometimes from different perspectives, to explore these differences. This is most evident first in the narrator's interpretation of the story Ila tells him while they're playing a game called Houses. She tells him a story about how their "daughter," her doll Magda, was attacked by a racist classmate on her way home from school. Ila and the narrator are eight years old at the time that Ila tells this story, and in his youthful ignorance, the narrator doesn't realize that this isn't a made-up narrative—this event actually happened to Ila. As a child herself, Ila attempts to make the event easier to bear by using the doll as a stand-in for herself and altering the story so that it ends happily. Because the narrator doesn’t realize that Ila’s story is part of her lived experience, he becomes angry when Ila cries while telling the story—as far as he's concerned, the story shouldn't matter, since it is just make-believe. However, Ila's version of the story does develop Nick Price, the savior figure, as the person with whom the narrator must compete for Ila's affection. Three years later, when the narrator recalls Ila's story and tells it to May, Nick's older sister, she explains what actually happened: Ila herself was the victim, and Nick didn't save her. In fact, he ran away, as he didn't want to be seen with an Indian girl. When the narrator learns what actually happened, it helps him to move towards maturity by developing a greater sense of understanding of those people around him. Especially since the narrator idolizes both Nick and Ila as a child (and Ila into adulthood), this shows him that he must be willing to allow his perspectives and understandings to mature and develop in order to grow up.

 This idea that understanding one's family history allows a person to reach a point of emotional maturity. The narrator, now an adult in his late twenties or early thirties, reconnects with May in London and learns about May's brief romantic relationship with Tridib almost twenty years prior, as well as the truth of Tridib's death. These were events that the narrator witnessed or heard about as a child, but he never fully understood—Tridib died before he could help the narrator make sense of the riots or Tridib's seemingly mysterious relationship with May.

 

When the narrator accompanies Tridib and May on their tourist activities in Calcutta, he is frustrated to realize that there are things between them that he doesn't understand, such as when Tridib mentions "ruins" belonging to them. It's cathartic for the narrator to finally be able to piece together some of those mysteries, such as when May explains that the "ruins" referred to a letter he wrote in which he confessed his love for her. She also tells the narrator that contrary to what his parents told him, Tridib didn't die in an accident. Rather, he died a grotesque and violent death attempting to protect May and his great uncle Jethamoshai from a riot. Following these revelations, the narrator and May have sex. In doing so, they connect in a very adult way over events they barely understood in their youth, which left them lost and uncertain of what even happened. By finally giving words to what happened and looking at each other as equal adults, rather than continuing to relate to each other like they did when May was in her early twenties and the narrator was a child, both of them achieve a sense of relief at finally uncovering a mystery that kept them chained to that place in time.

Overall, Ghosh presents youth and childhood as a period of both blissful innocence and shocking, anxiety-inducing uncertainty. By framing the novel around the narrator's quest to understand his childhood more fully—and his childhood desire for a more adult understanding of the people and events he experiences—the novel suggests that while youth and adulthood are two distinct states of being, each state continuously informs the other. Further, because it's not necessarily the happy moments that the narrator dwells on, either in the past or the preset, the novel ends with the assertion that growing up, becoming mature, and making sense of one's childhood necessarily hinges on losing one's childlike innocence and self-importance, and in doing so, coming to grips with the violent, awful, and nonsensical world.

 Ghosh in The Shadow Lines not only gives the readers the idea of nationalism but questions the so-called nationalism. The fundamental nationalism also emerged from the character of the narrator's grandmother. She is a fundamental nationalist and wants freedom. She is very passionate for freedom. As we see that when she was young during the Swadeshi movement, she wanted to john it and could do anything for the country.  But the author shows that the so called nationalism has no value at all. Here Thamma fails to see that nationalism has destroyed her home and spilled her kin's blood. As she says, "we have to kill them, before they kill us." Till the end she fails to realize that national liberty in no war guarantees individual liberty.

 

Disclaimer: Images have been taken from the Google sites.